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Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of turbomachinery
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Embry Riddle Aero University - CIRCCOLL - Circulating Collection
TJ267.D5 2005
1 available
TJ267.D5 2005
1 available
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ISBN
9780750678704
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Table of Contents
From the Book - Regular Print - Fifth edition.
1 Introduction: Dimensional Analysis: Similitude 1 --
Definition of a turbomachine 1 --
Units and dimensions 3 --
Dimensional analysis and performance laws 5 --
Incompressible fluid analysis 6 --
Performance characteristics 7 --
Variable geometry turbomachines 8 --
Specific speed 10 --
Cavitation 12 --
Compressible gas flow relations 15 --
Compressible fluid analysis 16 --
Inherent unsteadiness of the flow within turbomachines 20 --
2 Basic Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics: Definitions of Efficiency 24 --
Equation of continuity 24 --
First law of thermodynamics-internal energy 25 --
Momentum equation-Newton's second law of motion 26 --
Second law of thermodynamics-entropy 30 --
Definitions of efficiency 31 --
Small stage or polytropic efficiency 35 --
Nozzle efficiency 42 --
Diffusers 44 --
3 Two-dimensional Cascades 56 --
Cascade nomenclature 57 --
Analysis of cascade forces 58 --
Energy losses 60 --
Lift and drag 60 --
Circulation and lift 62 --
Efficiency of a compressor cascade 63 --
Performance of two-dimensional cascades 64 --
Cascade wind tunnel 64 --
Cascade test results 66 --
Compressor cascade performance 69 --
Turbine cascade performance 72 --
Compressor cascade correlations 72 --
Fan blade design (McKenzie) 80 --
Turbine cascade correlation (Ainley and Mathieson) 83 --
Comparison of the profile loss in a cascade and in a turbine stage 88 --
Optimum space-chord ratio of turbine blades (Zweifel) 89 --
4 Axial-flow Turbines: Two-dimensional Theory 94 --
Velocity diagrams of the axial turbine stage 94 --
Thermodynamics of the axial turbine stage 95 --
Stage losses and efficiency 97 --
Soderberg's correlation 98 --
Types of axial turbine design 100 --
Stage reaction 102 --
Diffusion within blade rows 104 --
Choice of reaction and effect on efficiency 108 --
Design point efficiency of a turbine stage 109 --
Maximum total-to-static efficiency of a reversible turbine stage 113 --
Stresses in turbine rotor blades 115 --
Turbine flow characteristics 121 --
Flow characteristics of a multistage turbine 123 --
Wells turbine 125 --
Pitch-controlled blades 132 --
5 Axial-flow Compressors and Fans 145 --
Two-dimensional analysis of the compressor stage 146 --
Velocity diagrams of the compressor stage 148 --
Thermodynamics of the compressor stage 149 --
Stage loss relationships and efficiency 150 --
Reaction ratio 151 --
Choice of reaction 151 --
Stage loading 152 --
Simplified off-design performance 153 --
Stage pressure rise 155 --
Pressure ratio of a multistage compressor 156 --
Estimation of compressor stage efficiency 157 --
Stall and surge phenomena in compressors 162 --
Control of flow instabilities 167 --
Axial-flow ducted fans 168 --
Blade element theory 169 --
Blade element efficiency 171 --
Lift coefficient of a fan aerofoil 173 --
6 Three-dimensional Flows in Axial Turbomachines 177 --
Theory of radial equilibrium 177 --
Indirect problem 179 --
Direct problem 187 --
Compressible flow through a fixed blade row 188 --
Constant specific mass flow 189 --
Off-design performance of a stage 191 --
Free-vortex turbine stage 192 --
Actuator disc approach 194 --
Blade row interaction effects 198 --
Computer-aided methods of solving the through-flow problem 199 --
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the design of axial turbomachines 201 --
Secondary flows 202 --
7 Centrifugal Pumps, Fans and Compressors 208 --
Theoretical analysis of a centrifugal compressor 211 --
Inlet casing 212 --
Impeller 212 --
Conservation of rothalpy 213 --
Diffuser 214 --
Inlet velocity limitations 214 --
Optimum design of a pump inlet 215 --
Optimum design of a centrifugal compressor inlet 217 --
Slip factor 222 --
Head increase of a centrifugal pump 227 --
Performance of centrifugal compressors 229 --
Diffuser system 237 --
Choking in a compressor stage 240 --
8 Radial Flow Gas Turbines 246 --
Types of inward-flow radial turbine 247 --
Thermodynamics of the 90 deg IFR turbine 249 --
Basic design of the rotor 251 --
Nominal design point efficiency 252 --
Mach number relations 256 --
Loss coefficients in 90 deg IFR turbines 257 --
Optimum efficiency considerations 258 --
Criterion for minimum number of blades 263 --
Design considerations for rotor exit 266 --
Incidence losses 270 --
Significance and application of specific speed 273 --
Optimum design selection of 90 deg IFR turbines 276 --
Clearance and windage losses 278 --
Pressure ratio limits of the 90 deg IFR turbine 279 --
Cooled 90 deg IFR turbines 280 --
A radial turbine for wave energy conversion 282 --
9 Hydraulic Turbines 290 --
Hydraulic turbines 291 --
Pelton turbine 294 --
Reaction turbines 303 --
Francis turbine 304 --
Kaplan turbine 310 --
Effect of size on turbomachine efficiency 313 --
Cavitation 315 --
Application of CFD to the design of hydraulic turbines 319 --
10 Wind Turbines 323 --
Types of wind turbine 325 --
Growth of wind power capacity and cost 329 --
Outline of the theory 330 --
Actuator disc approach 330 --
Estimating the power output 337 --
Power output range 337 --
Blade element theory 338 --
Blade element momentum method 346 --
Rotor configurations 353 --
Power output at optimum conditions 360 --
HAWT blade selection criteria 361 --
Developments in blade manufacture 363 --
Control methods (starting, modulating and stopping) 364 --
Blade tip shapes 369 --
Performance testing 370 --
Performance prediction codes 370 --
Comparison of theory with experimental data 371 --
Peak and post-peak power predictions 371 --
Environmental considerations 373 --
Appendix 1 Conversion of British and US Units to SI Units 378.
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