Unconscionable crimes: how norms explain and constrain mass atrocities

1.1 Notion of Norms p. 2 --

1.2 Concept of Mass Atrocity p. 3 --

1.3 Enigma of Explanation p. 5 --

1.4 Problem of Prevention p. 7 --

1.5 Argument of This Book p. 8 --

1.6 Sources and Methods p. 10 --

1 Norms in the World: Agents, Action Guidance, and Historical Inquiry p. 17 --

1.1 Norms p. 18 --

1.2 Norm Guidance p. 21 --

1.3 Norm Transformation p. 23 --

1.4 Norms in the World p. 27 --

1.5 Two Problems: Circularity and Reducibility p. 31 --

2 "Necessary-and Even Proper": Moral Norms and the Explanation of Mass Atrocities p. 39 --

2.1 Moral Norms p. 41 --

2.2 Thesis of Moral Norm Inversion p. 43 --

2.3 Eroding Moral Norms: Demoralization and Brutalization p. 45 --

2.4 Evading Moral Norms: Euphemism and Dehumanization p. 50 --

2.5 Breakdowns of Professional Ethics: Proof of Moral Norm Inversion? p. 54 --

3 Better Never to Deliberate? Moral Norms and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities p. 59 --

3.1 Moral Norms against Deliberation p. 61 --

3.2 Soldiers and Moral Norms against Deliberation p. 63 --

3.3 Humanitarian Aid Workers and Moral Norms against Deliberation p. 71 --

3.4 Mass Moral Education as a Means of" Atrocity Prevention p. 76 --

4 Etiology of Inhumanity: Legal Norms and the Explanation of Mass Atrocities p. 81 --

4.1 Legal Norms p. 83 --

4.2 Legal Norms and the Etiology of Large-Scale Crimes p. 87 --

4.3 Legal Norms and the Creation of Social Out-Groups p. 90 --

4.4 Legal Norms and the Legitimation of Persecution p. 92 --

4.5 Legal Norms and the Denial of Violence p. 94 --

4.6 Legal Norms as Evidence of Mass Atrocities p. 96 --

4.7 Extremely Violent Societies: An Alternative Etiology? p. 98 --

5 Limits of Legalization: Legal Norms and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities p. 103 --

5.1 Laws, Institutions, and Liability for Atrocities p. 105 --

5.2 Legal Norms and the Prevention of Large-Scale Crimes p. 110 --

5.3 Legalization: The Best Path to Prevention? p. 113 --

5.4 Transitional Justice as Suspended Legalization p. 119 --

6 Grammar of Violence: Social Norms and the Explanation of Mass Atrocities p. 125 --

6.1 Social Norms p. 127 --

6.2 Gender-Based Social Norms in Explanations of Large-Scale Crimes p. 131 --

6.3 Gender-Based Social Norms and the Targets of Atrocities p. 134 --

6.4 Gender-Based Social Norms and the Perpetrators of Atrocities p. 137 --

6.5 Limits of Social Norms p. 142 --

7 Arresting Incitement: Social Norms and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities p. 145 --

7.1 Social Norms and the Limited Significance of Rescue p. 147 --

7.2 Eliminating Social Norms as a Means of Atrocity Prevention p. 152 --

7.3 Creating Social Norms as a Means of Atrocity Prevention p. 158 --

7.4 Prospects for Social Norms p. 167.