pt. 1: Introduction, Europe in the "modern age" ; Social and political life under the Ancien regime ; Intellectual and cultural life, the challenge of the Enlightenment ; The origins of the French Revolution ; The outbreak of the revolution and the monarchist response ; The terror and its aftermath ; The rise of Napoleon, heir of the revolution or new form of tyranny? ; Napoleonic Europe, an epoch of war ; The restoration and reactionary conservatism ; The challenge of liberal nationalism ; Liberal capitalism and the Industrial Revolution, the English experience ; The social impact of the Industrial Revolution -- pt. 2: The revolution in France ; Revolution in Central Europe ; The political implications of the revolution ; The unification of Germany ; The unification of Italy ; The new imperialism ; Race, religion, and greed, explaining European expansion ; Marx and the challenge of socialism ; The social problem and the crisis of liberalism ; A new conservatism, anti-modernism and the origins of facism ; European cultural and intellectual life ; Social norms, social strains in the Belle epoque --
pt. 3: The international system, 1871-1890 ; The breakdown of the international system and the slide toward war ; Nationalism and ethnic conflict in the multi-national empires of central and eastern Europe ; The July crisis and the outbreak of war ; The war to end all wars, the experience of the trenches ; The Treaty of Versailles and the failed peace ; The Bolshevik revolution ; Civil war and the establishment of the Soviet state ; The Soviet system under Stalin ; Mussolini and the emergence of Italian fascism ; The democracies in crisis ; Hitler and the rise of Nazism in Germany
pt. 4: Totalitarianism, the Third Reich ; The Third Reich, ideology and domestic policy ; Ideology and Hitler's foreign policy ; The twenty-year crisis, the international system, 1919-1939 ; The coming of war, 1939 ; The blitzkreig, 1940-1941 ; The Holocaust ; The world at war ; The origins of the Cold War ; The division of Europe ; The collapse of Communism ; Conclusion, Europe on the eve of the 21st century.
